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How VPNs and proxies affect IP results
Most websites see the public exit point of a connection, which may not belong to the individual device.
VPNs and proxies
A VPN routes traffic through a provider-operated server, so destinations normally see the server’s public IP. A proxy can do something similar for selected applications or protocols.
Mobile and shared networks
Mobile providers commonly move traffic through shared gateways. Hotels, schools, workplaces, and homes also allow many devices to share a public address.
Tor and privacy relays
Tor sends traffic through multiple relays and exposes an exit relay IP to the destination. Some browsers and platforms use privacy relays with a comparable separation between user and visible exit address.
Interpreting a result
An IP result may identify a network service, gateway, or hosting provider rather than a person. Check timestamps and context, and never treat it as definitive attribution.